Theory of IPA UN SD

In science, the term natural science refers to a naturalistic approach to the study of the universe, which is understood as obeying rules or laws of natural origin.
The term natural science is also used to distinguish those fields that use a scientific method to study nature from the social sciences, which use a scientific method to study human behavior and society; from the formal sciences, such as mathematics and logic, which use a different (a priori) methodology and from the humanities.

Download Theory of IPA UN SD 2011 according to grid UN 2010/2011

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4. Simulation Problem IPA UN SD

Science is a thought process combined with data. But, what is a natural science and what is a social science?
What is science?
Science, all science, the process of gaining knowledge through experimentation. Science is a methodology used to understand our world.
Natural sciences and social sciences are different only in what they study.
Natural sciences
Natural sciences are sometimes called the hard sciences. These are subjects such as chemistry, physics, astronomy, biology, earth science, atmospheric science, materials science, and oceanography.

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Latihan IPA UN SD Pack 5

Advances in digital microscope technology over the last few years have resulted in great benefits for students. While there are many different types of digital microscopes, they fall into one of two main categories, those that connect to the TV and those that connect to the computer through a USB port. Instead of students being required to share microscopes and discuss their findings without any references, the digital microscopes allow the entire class to view specimens and discuss findings as a group.

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One type of digital microscope plugs into a data projector or television. This makes the process of teaching science to a classroom much more dynamic, easier and more cost effective. The presentation of specimens and discussion can be accomplished easily by placing the television in the front of the classroom where all students have a clear view of the screen. The educator places the specimen under the handheld microscope for view by the entire classroom.
The educator is able to use the television to point out details of the specimen, encourage participate by all students, and fulfill the objectives of the lesson plan using one microscope. There is no need for software or extra equipment to make the microscope a vital part of the educational process.
Students will be able to learn the steps for dissecting specimens properly without the normal trial and error that often accompanies this process. In addition, group discussion, questions, and answers always serve educators well when presenting new or unusual content to students. Teaching students about the cellular structure of animals and plants can be easily accomplished using the large, clear, and crisp picture provided by the television screen or data projector.
An added benefit of this type of system is that students with special needs, who may not normally be able to handle the small controls of a microscope or be able to navigate the intricacies of the scope, will be able to participate and learn easily with the rest of the class. This inclusion of all students in the science exploration process will expand and empower students with special needs to participate in learning more actively.
The scopes made for use with televisions or data projectors lack the functions and features of the scopes that integrate with a computer using a USB port. These systems are able to record still images, do time-lapse videos, and provide a continual flow of information to students relative to the specimen they are studying. An educator can easily develop a lesson plan that will include the splitting of a cell, or the growth process of fungi or bacteria and treat students to the wonderful excitement of watching nature in action.
Many teachers find that using the digital microscope in conjunction with desk microscopes allows for more flexibility in teaching techniques and methods. The interaction of students and educator when students know what they are looking at allows the educator to focus on the project and specimen at hand for the entire class instead of spending time at individual desks telling students the same information.
The benefits of using a digital microscope in elementary science classrooms are tremendous. The SmartScope by SmartSchool Systems is affordable and easy to use and opens doors for educators and students. Educators are able to create dynamic lesson plans that utilize the full applications of the microscope while the students benefit from the wonderful world that has been opened to them through this modern technology.

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Latihan IPA UN SD Pack 4

Let's start with the very basics of the study. All matter (for example rocks and minerals) is made up of particles called atoms. Certain atoms form elements and the universe is made up of just over 100 elements, which stand-alone or with other elements, form compounds. The earth is made up of 8 elements. The earth's interior is always changing because of heat and pressure. These changes in the earths crust cause rocks to form. This is a very well balanced system as the interior of the earth is under pressure and intensified heat; the outside elements also play a big factor in cooling the earth down.
Rocks are formed and identified in one of three categories. Those categories are called igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic. Let's look at the difference in the three.

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Igneous - These types of rocks are formed when molten rock (lets call it liquid rock or magma) from deep within the surface is forced out through an opening in the surface of the earth like a volcano. Once it hits the earth's cool air or water it immediately cools and hardens.
Sedimentary -These rocks are formed at the earth's surface when wind, water and the weather have a direct effect on them. Through erosion, pieces of sand, soils and little pieces of rocks settle together and form layers and then harden. Metamorphic -These types of rocks are formed when extreme pressure from the inside and outside of the earth causes the shifting and changes in the other two categories of rocks (igneous and sedimentary). Rocks and minerals are not the same thing though. They both have very specific properties. Looking at and studying those properties will help determine if what is being identified is either a rock or a mineral. Luster is a property to show how light is reflected on the surface and how it is perceived. Whether it is shiny or dull begin the identification and starts to point in the direction of "rock vs. mineral".
Hardness is another property that can show how much a rock or mineral resist from being scratched.
Cleavage is yet another property that shows how a mineral splits along a plane when it is hit at a part of its structure.
Finally a streak test can be administered which means that the rock or mineral is rubbed across a surface to identify the color of the streak.
From collecting, to understanding atoms, to forming compounds is just the beginning to understand the world as a whole and it's formation.

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Latihan IPA UN SD Pack 3

Children that partake in elementary science fair projects do not want to have a boring project. It is all about having a unique project that shows what they have learned and is seen by the judges as innovative. One also wants a project that is easy enough for an elementary child to do as often times parents get involved and end up doing the project for their children. If the project is easy enough for them to follow they will learn initiative and a sense of accomplishment once the project is completed. There are many ideas for youth that partake in science competitions.
One cool idea includes the traditional volcano with baking soda and vinegar. The way the volcano is designed and the ratio of baking soda to vinegar can always be modified to make it fun and exciting.

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Other ideas for elementary science fair projects include the science behind cooking. One idea includes gelatin with fruit in it and determining if it can be done with fruit from containers or fruit that is fresh. Does the acid or something in the fruit make the gelatin come out differently and then the child can discuss why.
Children can even do experiments where they let food rot to study what happens and what type of bacteria, mold, or fungus grows on the food. Make sure the elementary science fair projects are simple enough that a young child can do it and it is relevant to what the child is learning. The internet has a variety of ideas that a child can look through and decide what is the most exciting for their science fair. If you do not like what you are finding on the internet go to a local library or bookstore to find books that have ideas for science fair or let the child come up with their own idea for what would be cool at a science fair.

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Latihan IPA UN SD Pack 2

What is a great way to introduce young learners to biology in a way that will get them excited and motivated to continue learning? Consider teaching them about worms. That's right, worms. Worms science for elementary school is an excellent introduction to a wide variety of aspects of our natural world. Worms are already familiar to make elementary school children, and studying them can be an intuitive, fun, and engaging part of elementary learning. Take a look at these science ideas for introducing worm biology to your students.
Take a field trip with your students right after considerable rainfall. You are likely to spot more earthworms above ground than is usual. What factors affect whether the worms come out and in what numbers? Worms science for elementary school can introduce young learners to a crucial step of the scientific method.

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Virtual dissection programs are often available cheaply to instructors -- and you can even find them free online. Using these programs, science students from elementary school onward can study worm anatomy without ever needing to cut apart an actual worm. This is a cleaner, more efficient, and less expensive way to learn about how organisms work; it is also much more humane. Worms science for elementary school can delve into aspects of worm anatomy without taking more lives than absolutely necessary.
What different kinds of worms are out there? There are literally hundreds of species, and some of them differ radically from others. Perhaps you could get each of your students to do a project on a different worm species, focusing on what makes each kind of worm unique. You could even ask your students to build models of worms - displaying their anatomical structures or their interactions within a larger habitat.
An elementary school science fair project can be made fun and highly instructive when it involves worms science for elementary school.

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Latihan IPA UN SD Pack 1

One of the favorite things for some kids is Science Fair day. Kids, parents and teachers plan for weeks their projects and then let the anticipation grow until the big day! While some kids don't like science projects, it's mostly because they haven't found the right one. There are so many cool things you can do that count as science, and don't take too much time. Here's a few good ideas for each grade level just to get you started thinking about your own neat project!

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2nd Grade: Create an insect collection to discover what types of insects live in your area. Or, put up a bird feeder and document what birds live in your area, and what their eating habits are - morning or night? 3rd Grade: Test out waterproof mascaras, to see if they are really waterproof or not. You could also put nails in different types of liquid, to see which ones rust metal the fastest.
4th Grade: Find out the answers to these questions for your science projects - Does adding salt to water really make it boil faster and hotter? Do certain shapes of ice cubes melt faster?
5th Grade: Test if different people can smell things better. Drink water through a straw, and then through two straws; figure out if you can drink more water this way, or the same as through one straw.
6th Grade through 8th Grade: Try figuring out if you can get pure water from salt water! Or try growing plants using different colors of light, and see which ones grow the best.
Doing science projects can be a lot of fun, and can teach you things you never knew before! Make a list out of the things you are curious about, and then pick one for your science project. Try to guess what will happen before you do the project, and see if you are right about what will happen.

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